Search Wisconsin DOT. Homemaker duties, Driver Safety Plan. Two hours are needed to process an Occupational License application. Plan to arrive at the DMV. Pursuant to 2017 Wisconsin Act 278. Occupational Therapist or Occupational Therapy Assistant Certificate of Professional Education (This form must come directly from your school). 1572 Request for Temporary License for Occupational Therapist or Occupational Therapy Assistant: 2829. Malpractice Suits or Claims Form (if applicable) 3085.
Related Articles
1 How Do I Start a Home Business Caring for Elderly People?
2 Make Money as a Pet Lover
3 Start a Fitness Center Business
4 What Kind of Business Can I Start That Involves the Elderly?
Non-medical homemakers and companions help their clients with laundry, cooking, errands and other activities, helping keep them in their homes and as comfortable as possible after surgery or illness. These services are in demand and owning a home care business can be quite lucrative, but you'll need permits, licenses and qualified staff to get your enterprise started.
Target Specialized Needs
Target an additional niche, or specialization, for your homemaker and companion business. Though many non-medical companion and home care businesses have elderly clients, you can differentiate your service by also working with postpartum mothers or people with sports-related or other injuries who temporarily need home care.
Understand the Stress Factor
Ensure you can emotionally handle being a non-medical homemaker or companion. When working with the elderly, you may eventually have to cope with the loss of patients you become close to. Mothers recovering from childbirth often feel overwhelmed, depressed or anxious. Those with sports injuries may feel down or doubtful that they will ever get back in playing shape again. If you cannot withstand the emotional demands of the job, you should hire workers who can.
Consider Accreditation and Training
Take a certification or accreditation course. This is not required to start a non-medical homemaker and companion business, but can help you get off to a solid start. Such courses typically include information about how to bill clients, market your services, train and attract workers and keep organized.
Obtain Licensing and Permits
Register the permits required in your area to operate a service business, such as a fictitious name certificate or Employer Identification Number. What you will need depends on where your business is located. Contact your local small business development center to find out what business documentation you must get.
Develop Policies and Procedures
https://ratnew572.weebly.com/blog/sample-logic-synergy-keygen-music. Develop policies and procedures for your homemaker and companion business. For instance, you can establish billing and payment methods, draft a standard contract that all clients must sign or set hours that your service is available or on-call.
Conduct Background Checks
Conduct a thorough background check on each person you hire. Any employees you choose will be in your clients' homes and may also have access to sensitive personal and identification information. Having a worker who has been convicted of a violent or sexual crime, property or identity theft, or drug distribution will likely have a negative impact your business's reputation.
Maintain Professional Relationships
Join a professional association, such as the National Private Duty Association or Private Duty Homecare Association. Doing so can boost your credibility, provide networking and training opportunities and earn your business client referrals.
Protect Yourself from Liability
Get liability insurance--if you join a professional group, the organization may offer a discount. Even though you will not provide medical services, various issues and disputes could still arise. It is important to protect your business and personal assets in the event a client takes legal action against you.
Market Your Business
Find clients and promote your homemaker and companion business. Launch a promotional website that has information about your services, along with rate and contact information. You can also place brochures in hospitals, assisted living facilities, occupational therapy, rehabilitation, surgery or birthing centers.
References (4)
About the Author
Melinda Gaines has been a freelance writer since 2006, with work appearing online for YellowPages and other websites. Her areas of expertise include business, beauty, fashion and sports. Gaines attended the University of Houston where she earned a Bachelor of Science in sport administration.
Cite this Article
Choose Citation Style
Gaines, Melinda. 'How to Open a Non-Medical Homemaker & Companion Business.' Small Business - Chron.com, http://smallbusiness.chron.com/open-nonmedical-homemaker-companion-business-11509.html. 24 April 2019.
Gaines, Melinda. (2019, April 24). How to Open a Non-Medical Homemaker & Companion Business. Small Business - Chron.com. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/open-nonmedical-homemaker-companion-business-11509.html
Gaines, Melinda. 'How to Open a Non-Medical Homemaker & Companion Business' last modified April 24, 2019. http://smallbusiness.chron.com/open-nonmedical-homemaker-companion-business-11509.html
Note: Depending on which text editor you're pasting into, you might have to add the italics to the site name.
Occupational licensing, also called occupational licensure, is a form of government regulation requiring a license to pursue a particular profession or vocation for compensation.Professions that can have a large negative effect on individuals, like physicians and lawyers, require occupational licenses in most developed countries, but many jurisdictions also require licenses for professions without that possibility, like plumbers, taxi drivers, and electricians. Licensing creates a regulatory barrier to entry into licensed occupations, and this results in higher income for those with licenses and usually higher costs for consumers.
Wisconsin Occupational License Form
Licensing advocates argue that it protects the public interest by keeping incompetent and unscrupulous individuals from working with the public. However, there is little evidence that it affects the overall quality of services provided to customers by members of the regulated occupation.[1]
4Alternatives
History[edit]
Comparison of Unions and Licensing over Time in the United States. (The dashed line shows the value from state estimates of licensing based on the Gallup Survey and PDII Survey results. The union membership estimates are from the Current Population Survey (CPS)).
Licensing has been among the fastest growing labor market institutions in the United States. The figure shows the growth of occupational licensing relative to the decline of union membership since the 1950s.
By 2008 occupational licensing in the U.S. had grown to 29 percent of the workforce, up from below five per cent in the 1950s.[2] In contrast, unions represented as much as 33 percent of the U.S.workforce in the 1950s, but declined to less than 12 percent of the U.S.workforce by 2008.
Economic effects[edit]
One simple theory of occupational licensing envisions a costless supply of unbiased, capable gatekeepers and enforcers. The gatekeepers screen entrants to the occupation, barring those whose skills or character suggest a tendency toward low-quality output. The enforcers monitor incumbents and discipline those whose performance is below standard with punishments that may include revocation of the license needed to practise. Assuming that entry and performance are controlled in these ways, the quality of service in the profession will almost automatically be maintained at or above standards that are set by the gatekeeper to the profession. Within this approach only those who have the funds to invest in training and the ability to do the work are able to enter the occupation.
Introducing economics to this otherwise mechanical model by noting that a key discipline on incumbents—the threat of revoking one's license—may not mean much if incumbents can easily re-enter the profession, such as by moving to a new firm, or by shifting to an alternative occupation with little loss of income. Since grandfathering (i.e., allowing current workers to bypass the new requirements) is the norm when occupations seek to become licensed, incumbent workers are usually supportive of the regulation process. In the absence of grandfathering, lower skilled workers in the occupation may have to seek alternative employment. For example, if sales skills are the key to both providing licensed sales of heart monitors and the non-licensed selling of shoes or cars, then individuals may shift between these lines of work with little loss of income.
Under these circumstances, meaningful discipline for license holders may require deliberate steps to ensure that loss of license entails significant financial loss. Such additional steps could include imposition of fines, improved screening to prevent expelled practitioners from re-entering the occupation, or requiring all incumbents to put up capital that would be forfeited upon loss of the license. To offset the possibility that incumbents could shift to other occupations with little loss of income, entry requirements could be tightened to limit supply and create monopolyrents within the licensed occupation. The threat of losing these monopoly rents could, in principle, give incentives to incumbents to maintain quality standards. This may also result in some increases in human capital investments in order to attain the additional requirements. The rents could also motivate potential entrants to invest in high levels of training in order to gain admittance. This suggests that licensing can raise quality within an industry by restricting supply, raising labor wages, and raising output prices. Increasing prices may signal either enhanced quality due to perceived or actual skill enhancements or restrictions on the supply of regulated workers.
State-regulated occupations can use political institutions to restrict supply and raise the wages of licensed practitioners. There is assumed to be a once-and-for-all income gain that accrues to current members of the occupation who are “grandfathered” in, and do not have to meet the newly established standard. Generally, workers who are “grandfathered” are not required to ever meet the standards of the new entrants. Individuals who attempt to enter the occupation in the future will need to balance the economic rents of the field's increased monopoly power against the greater difficulty of meeting the entrance requirements.
Once an occupation is regulated, members of that occupation in a geographic or political jurisdiction can implement tougher statutes or examination pass rates and may gain relative to those who have easier requirements by further restricting the supply of labor and obtaining economic rents for incumbents. Restrictions would include lowering the pass rate on licensing exams, imposing higher general and specific requirements, and implementing tougher residency requirements that limit new arrivals in the area from qualifying for a license. Moreover, individuals who have finished schooling in the occupation may decide not to go to a particular political jurisdiction where the pass rate is low because both the economic and shame costs may be high.
A 2017 National Bureau of Economic Research paper found that occupational licensing in different American states significantly limited between-state migration of individuals in professions with divergent licensing between states: 'the between-state migration rate for individuals in occupations with state-specific licensing exam requirements is 36 percent lower relative to members of other occupations. Members of licensed occupations with national licensing exams show no evidence of limited interstate migration.'[3] The authors argue that this may contribute to a decline in job transitions in the United States.[3]
In April 2019, Arizona became the first US state to recognize out-of-state occupational licenses.[4][5]
Evidence on the effects of occupational licensing[edit]
It is well understood that occupational licensing can serve as a barrier to occupational entry resulting in reduced employment, monopoly rents for workers in the occupation, and higher prices for consumers (Friedman, 1962).[6]
Kleiner and Krueger (2010 and 2013)[7][8] show that after controlling for education, labor market experience, occupation, and other controls, licensing is associated with a 15 to 18 percent wage premium in the labor market. This estimate may partially reflect a premium for higher unmeasured human capital, but it is also consistent and likely in large part due to rents. https://ratnew572.weebly.com/blog/western-union-bug-activation-code-keygen-for-mac.
The empirical work on the effects of licensing on employment levels or growth rates, but the existing estimates suggests that they could be large. Kleiner (2006)[9] examined employment growth rates in states and occupations with stronger versus weaker occupational licensing requirements. Specifically, he compares employment growth between 1990 and 2000 of occupations that are licensed in some states to the same occupations that are not licensed in other states. In order to account for differential growth rates between states, he also compared the growth rate of occupations that are either fully licensed or fully unlicensed in both sets of states.[10] Using a “difference-in-difference” regression analysis, Kleiner found that partially licensed occupations had a 20 percent lower growth rate in states with licensing relative to states without licensing and relative to the difference in growth rates between these sets of states of fully licensed and fully unlicensed occupations. This estimate implies that a licensed occupation that grew at a 10 percent rate between 1990 and 2000 would have grown at a 12 percent rate if it were unregulated.[11]
With occupational licensing varying by state, another channel through which licensing can affect employment is through reduced mobility. The patchwork of regulations raises the cost of cross-state mobility for workers in these occupations. This will result in slower adjustment costs to regional economic shocks which can result in higher unemployment.
Because it restricts employment, licensing can also lead to higher prices for services faced by consumers. This has been documented in a number of studies including Shepard (1978),[12] Bond, et al. (1980)[13] Cox and Foster (1990),[14] and Kleiner and Todd (2009).[15]
While it is not possible to precisely estimate the effects of substantially reducing occupational licensing at the present time, both theory and the available evidence suggest that such a reduction could translate into significantly higher employment, better job matches and improved customer satisfaction. Low-income consumers, in particular, would benefit because reduced barriers to entry would reduce the prices of services provided (Shapiro, 1986[16] and Cox and Foster, 1990[17]).
Without doing a detailed analysis at the occupation-by-occupation and state level, economists cannot say which occupations can be justified based on quality-consideration, though studies have been conducted they have found at least in a number of cases at different stages of licensing reduces employment, but does not result in better services (Kleiner, 2013).[18] For example, Kleiner and Kudrle (2000)[19] find that occupational licensing of dentists does not lead to improved measured dental outcomes of patients, but is associated with higher prices of certain services, likely because there are fewer dentists.[20][21]
A study from the Mercatus Center showed that occupational licensing can lead to greater income inequality, with each step needed to open a business leading to an additional 1.4% of national income going to the top 10% of earners.[22][23]
Alternatives[edit]
Government regulation[edit]
To distinguish various forms of regulation, there are three forms of government regulation of occupations:
Licensing: Licensing refers to situations in which it is unlawful to carry out a specified range of activities for pay without first having obtained a license. This confirms that the license holder meets prescribed standards of competence. Workers who require such licenses to practice include doctors, lawyers, nurses, civil engineers, and surveyors.
State Certification: is generally necessary in order to obtain a license to practice an occupation. The certification requirements include passing of a standardized, state-administered test and proof of minimum experience working under the supervision of a licensed practitioner. New entrants to the occupation can start working as trainees such as 'journeyman electrician'. Some workers in an occupation may never get certified and licensed but can continue working under the supervision of a licensed person indefinitely.
Registration: Registration refers to situations in which one can register one's name and address and qualifications with the appropriate regulatory body. Registration provides a standard for being on the list, but complaints from consumers or improper listing of credentials can result in removal from the list.
Professional certification[edit]
In contrast to government regulation, voluntary professional certification can be used to demonstrate competence without the harmful economic effects of legalized occupational barriers. Examples of professional associations and trade associations that provide voluntary professional certification in various fields include:
Occupational License Wisconsin
National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence
See also[edit]
References[edit]
^McGrath, Lee (April 2008). 'A Primer on Occupational Licensing'. Institute for Justice. Retrieved June 16, 2014.
^Jenni Bergal (2015-01-30). 'A License to Braid Hair? Critics Say State Licensing Rules Have Gone Too Far'. The Pew Charitable Trusts. Retrieved 2015-02-01.
^ abJohnson, Janna E.; Kleiner, Morris M. (December 2017). 'Is Occupational Licensing a Barrier to Interstate Migration?'. NBER Working Paper No. 24107. doi:10.3386/w24107.
^Cooper, Jonathan (April 10, 2019). 'Arizona becomes 1st to match out-of-state work licenses'. The Washington Post. Retrieved April 12, 2019.
^Friedman, Milton. 1962. Capitalism and Freedom. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
^Kleiner, Morris M., and Alan B. Krueger. 2010. 'The Prevalence and Effects of Occupational Licensing.' British Journal of Industrial Relations 48(4): 676–687. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2010.00807.x
^Kleiner, Morris M., and Alan B. Krueger. 2013. 'Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor Market.' Journal of Labor Economics 31(2): S173–202. doi:10.1086/669060
^Kleiner, Morris M. 2006. Licensing Occupations: Ensuring Quality or Restricting Competition?Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. ISBN978-0-88099284-8.
^The partially licensed occupations he considers are librarians, respiratory therapists, and dieticians and nutritionists. The fully licensed occupations are lawyers, dentists, and cosmetologists. The fully unlicensed occupations are economists, computer programmers, and glaziers.
^Note that this estimate only reflects the differential growth rate between licensed and unlicensed occupations, not levels.
^Shepard, Lawrence. 1978. 'Licensing Restrictions and the Cost of Dental Care.' Journal of Law and Economics 21(1): 187–201.
^Bond, Ronald S., John E. Kwoka Jr., John J. Phelan, and Ira Taylor Whitten. 1980. Effects of Restrictions on Advertising and Commercial Practice in the Professions: The Case of Optometry. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Economics.
^Cox, Carolyn, and Susan Foster. 1990. The Costs and Benefits of Occupational Regulation. Washington, DC: U.S. Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Economics.
^Kleiner, Morris M.; Todd, Richard M. (2009). 'Mortgage Broker Regulations That Matter: Analyzing Earnings, Employment, and Outcomes for Consumers'. In Autor, David H. (ed.). Studies of Labor Market Intermediation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 183–231. ISBN0-226-03288-4.
^Shapiro, Carl. 1986. 'Investment, Moral Hazard, and Occupational Licensing.' Review of Economic Studies 53(5): 843–862. doi:10.2307/2297722
^Cox, Carolyn, and Susan Foster. 1990. The Costs and Benefits of Occupational Regulation. Washington, DC: U.S.Federal Trade Commission, Bureau of Economics.
^Kleiner, Morris M. 2013. Stages of Occupational Regulation: Analysis of Case Studies. Kalamazoo, MI: W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research. ISBN978-0-88099-459-0.
^Kleiner, Morris M., and Robert T. Kudrle. 2000. 'Does Regulation Affect Economic Outcomes? The Case of Dentistry.' Journal of Law and Economics 43(2): 547–582. doi:10.1086/467465
^For additional examples see Carroll and Gaston (1981).
^Carroll, Sidney L., and Robert J. Gaston. 1981. 'Occupational Restrictions and the Quality of Service Received: Some Evidence.' Southern Economic Journal 47(4): 959–976. doi:10.2307/1058155
^'Do Entry Regulations Promote Income Inequality?'. RegBlog. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
^McLaughlin, Patrick; Stanley, Laura. 'Regulation and Income Inequality The Regressive Effects of Entry Regulations'(PDF). Mercatus Center. Mercatus Center. Retrieved 19 April 2016.
Further reading[edit]
Friedman, Milton (1962). 'Occupational Licensure'. Capitalism and Freedom. ISBN978-0226264219.
Kleiner, Morris M. (2006). 'Introduction and Overview'. Licensing Occupations: Ensuring Quality or Restricting Competition?. ISBN978-0-88099-284-8.
Kleiner, Morris M. (2013). 'Introduction and Overview'. Stages of Occupational Regulation: Analysis of Case Studies. ISBN978-0-88099-459-0.
Kleiner, Morris M. (2015). 'Anatomy of Occupational Licensing'. Guild-Ridden Labor Markets: The Curious Case of Occupational Licensing. ISBN978-0-88099-501-6.
External links[edit]
Young, S. David (2002). 'Occupational Licensing'. The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics. The Library of Economics and Liberty.
Reinhardt, Uwe E. (October 11, 2013). 'The Dubious Case for Professional Licensing'. The New York Times.
Stangler, Dane (April 2, 2012). 'Occupational Licensing: How A New Guild Mentality Thwarts Innovation'(PDF). Progressive Policy Institute.
de Rugy, Veronique (Mar 25, 2014). 'Occupational Licensing: Bad for Competition, Bad for Low-Income Workers'. The Mercatus Center at George Mason University.
Wisconsin Occupational License Requirements
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occupational_licensing&oldid=911608326'